Is when there is a pooling of fluid into the abdomen.

Also referred to as an accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

Also called hydroperitoneum
 

 This abnormality can be seen in:

    -  Portal Hypertension with an increase in portal pressure
    -  Cirrhosis                [Ascites can often be seen in 8 out 10 patinets with cirrhosis}
    -  Liver Disease
    -  Cancer
    -  Heart Failure

 The diagnosis of Ascites can be done by: 
   -    Blood work
   -    Ultrasound
   -    and/or Fluid removal by a needle

 
Abdominal paracentesis [fluid removal by needle] is often done to analyze the fluid itself – this often can help determine the cause of the ascities.

 
The fluid is catagorized into “Transudate” and “Exudate”

Transudative are due to increased pressure.   This is seen in Cirrhosis and Portal hypertension

Exudative are due to increase in protein.   This is seen in inflammation or malignancy

 
CT exam may be useful to determine cause as well.

Symptoms:

   -  Distention of abdomen
   -  Shortness of breath
   -  Abdominal bloating or “heavyness”
   -  Leg swelling
   -  Chronic Fatigue
   -  Weight loss
   -  Weight gain

 
Treatment is often dependant on the cause agent, but may include:

  -  Fluid removal  [Parancentesis]

  -  Diuretic Medication:

        * Spirolactone
        * Amiloride
        * Triamterene
        * Furosemide
        * Bumetanide
        * Torasemide

   -  Water restriction

   -  Liver Transplant  [ In some cases] 

   -  Shunting  [Liver]

   -  Other