Occurs when a decrease in bone density occurs within an individual
A large increased risk and propensity for fractures exhists in those with osteoporosis
The majority of women who develop osteoporosis do so after menopause.
But in can occur in any age and in both men and women
Is considered preventable with medication, life style changes and increase exercises in some cases
All women over 65 should be screened for osteoporosis
Below 65 should be screened when they have assoicated risk factors or a unexpected fracture
Between 65 and 80 are when men are often screened
Symptoms
- No specific symptoms are seen
- Often fractures are first findings
- Fractures can occur in vertebral column, ribs, hips, and wrist
- Compression fractures suddenly occur causing pain
- Unexpected falls
Risk factors:
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Smoking
- Excess
- Alcohol
- Physical inactivity
- Underweight
- Soft drinks
Causes:
- Endocrine disorders
- Malnutrition
- Immobilization
- Space Flight
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Medications
- and many others
DEXA or DXA scan to evaluate bone density
Diagnostic criteria by “World Health Organization”
T-score of greater then - 1.0 - Normal
T-score of between - 1.0 and – 2.5 - Low bone mass = osteopenia
T-score of less then - 2.5 or below - Osteoporosis
Treatment
. Sodium Alendronate [Fosamax]
. Risedronate [Actonel]
. Ibandronate [Boniva]
. Zoledronic Acid [Zoledronate, Zometa]
. Teriparatide [Forteo] -
. Strontium Ranelate - Dual action bone agents
. Estrogen replacement therapy
- not always recommended for each person
. Testosterone treatment in men
Calcium supplement
Vitamin D
Exercise
- Aerobics
- Resistance
- Weight bearing
- Walking
- others