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Cervix

The Cervix is the lower portion of the uterus and connects with the  Vagina. It widens during childbirth to allow the passage of a baby and allows the passage of menstrual fluids from the Uterus. It also allows sperm to travel through the cervix to reach the uterus. Therefore, it is an important area of the Female Reproduction System.

The Cervix is circular and cylindrical in shape and it attaches through the upper anterior portion of the vaginal wall. Only 1/2 is visible in the vaginal region when viewed during a medical examination.

Function

–  The Cervix opens to allow sperm to pass into the uterus.
–  During orgasm, the Cervix convulses and the External Os dilates.
–  The Cervix opens to allow menstrual fluid to pass through
–  The Endometrium during the menstrual period is shed.
–  The Cervix opens and this is believed to be the cramping pain that many women experience.
–  The Cervix dilates and opens to allow an infant to pass from the Uterus during Childbirth.
–  The Cervix will dilate to 10 cm.

Anatomy of the Cervix

1.)  Ectocervix

–  This is also called the portio vaginalis
–  This portion is found/seen in the vagina during a medical examination.

2.) External os

–  This is the circular opening of the Ectocervix
–  The shape of the opening will change on age [minor] and previous vaginal birth [major]

3.) Endocervical canal

–  The passageway between the uterus and vagina

4.) Internal os

–  This is the opening prior to entrance into the endocervical canal

Cervical fluid

1.)  This mucus blocks the external os during menstruation
2.)  This blocks sperm from entering the uterus
3.)  However, during ovulation “other” mucus is formed that allows sperm to be guided into the uterus.

Medical Conditions that Affect the Cervix

1.)  Cervical Effacement

2.)  Bishop Score

3.)  IUD or Intrauterine Device

4.)  Cervicitis

5.)  Cervical Polyps

6.)  Dysplasia of Cervix

7.)  Cervical Cancer