This a proficent and important organ with a diverse amount of responsibilites. It is closely related to urinary opf both male and female. It is also involved in endocrine responsibilities

A list is as follows:

- Balance of fluids throughout the body
- Filtration of fluids and wastes
- Secretion of wastes as needed
- Control levels of certain molecules found within the blood
- Secretion of certain hormones as required
- Urine production
- and more

There are typically two kidneys found within the human body – one on each size.
Their shape is similar to a crescent moon [somewhat]. Above each kidney is another organ called the adrenal gland adrenal gland.

The kidney receives blood from the heart from the renal arteries. Within the kidney the blood
further divides into smaller arteries. Blood enters the Bowman’s capsule which contains glomerulus to
allow for filtration. Molecules such as water, glucose, urea, sodium chloride, protein [amino acids]
and others are filtered further into the kidney to the nephron.

The fluid follows a pathway through the following

   -   proximal tubule
   -   loop of henle
   -   distal convoluted tubule

Some items may be Reabsorbed back into the body, if necessary

Hormones are also important within the kidney

1.) Aldosterone – this stimulates sodium reabsorption – and due to sodium reabsorption water is also
reabsorbed.

2.) Antidiuretic hormone – the stimulates water reabsorption

3.) Renin - Actives the “renin-angiotensin system” – this system helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.

4.) Erythropoietin - this stimulates the production of blood cells

The function of the kidneys are essential in the balance of the body. Without adequate renal function then
pH, blood pressure, electrolytes, wastes, blood control such can be out of balance.