This is a distinct and very important system that allows for the movement and exchange of gases.
The main gases involved are Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
An exchange between “fresh” oxygen and “used” carbon dioxide is an essential aspect of human survival.
In most mammals that following are essential:
- Lungs
- Airways
- Respiratory muscles
- Oral cavity
The exchange of gases occurs at the level of alveolars.
Gas exchange occurs at the alveoli, which are tiny sacs that are the basic functional level of the lungs.
Small capillaries are found close to these sacs and gas exchange occurs at this level
There are two categories of the respiratory tract
1.) Upper Respiratory Tract
2.) Lower Respiratory Tract
The Upper includes
- Nasal passages
- Pharynx
- Larynx
The Lower includes
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Lungs
Development
- The respiratory system is less then required during pregnancy for the fetus.
- At birth, this system becomes fully functional with the introduction of air.
- There continues to be development throughtout childhood.
Pre-term Delivery
- Can cause several difficulties in the respiratory system of the newborn.
- Important molecules such as surfactant may be limited or lacking at this time.
- This may cause a decreased ability for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Homeostasis
- The body’s need for balance is predicated upon by gas exchange in the lungs.
- Carbon Dioxide is a waste product that can be very detrimental to maintaining balance.
- The acid-base of the body can be jeopardized if proper ventilation is not maintained.
- As a result – Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis may occur.
Respiratory Acidosis is a decrease in the pH of the blood due to elevating carbon dioxide levels in the arteries.
Respiratory Alkalosis is a decrese amount of carbon dioxide level in the arteries.
Speech or rather the ability to vocalize is impart due to air passing the larynx and pharynx.