Is a water soluble vitamin that is essential for the functioning of several organs.

This is a very complex vitamin structurally and are a combination of cobalt and a corring ring.

Bacteria is required for the initial structure but additional transformation can occur in humans

Some forms of this vitamin can be formed to be used as supplements and in some pharmaceutical preparations.

This vitamin can only be absorbed in the ileum

It must be attached to intrinsic factor produced in cells in the stomach.

Sources

   -    Liver
   -    Chicken
   -    Shellfish
   -    Milk
   -    Eggs
   -    Some vegetables
   -    Some mushrooms
   -    others

Functions:

   -    Cellular metabolism
   -    Helps in fatty acid synthesis
   -    Improves function of energy production
   -    Can regenerate folate found in the body
   -    Acts as a coenzyme

Deficiency

   -    Potentially severe damage
   -    Fatigue
   -    Depression
   -    Loss of memory
   -    Anemia
   -    GI problems
   -    Neurological problems

Pernicious Anemia

-      A serious concern of B12 deficiency
-      Initially was a fatal consequence
-      Cure was discovered by accident
-      Is also closely associated with intrinsic factor